Conclusive Reasons to Believe
نویسنده
چکیده
How should we understand reasons-based knowledge? According to the counterfactual or modal account of conclusive reasons, famously defended by Dretske, R is conclusive for P just in case [R would not be the case unless P were the case]. I argue that while knowing is plausibly related to having conclusive reasons to believe, having such reasons cannot be understood in terms of the obtaining of this counterfactual condition. I suggest a new theory of what it is to have conclusive reason to believe that P, which does a better job of capturing our intuitive judgments in a wide range of cases. The inadequacy of the counterfactual account has, as I argue, wider consequences for safety-based theories of knowledge, and modal accounts of ‘epistemic luck.’
منابع مشابه
The Obscurity of Internal Reasons
© 2009 Stephen Finlay S ince its publication in 1979, Bernard Williams’ “Internal and External Reasons”1 has been one of the most influential and widely discussed papers in ethics. I suggest here that the paper’s argument has nevertheless been universally misunderstood.2 On the standard interpretations, his argument — which he subsequently elaborated and de...
متن کاملThe Harms of Enhancement and the Conclusive Reasons View
Many critics of bioenhancement go to considerable lengths to establish the existence of reasons against pursuing bioenhancements but do little to establish the absence of reasons in favor. This suggests that they accept what Allen Buchanan has called the conclusive reasons view (CRV). According to this view, our reasons against bioenhancement are obviously decisive, so there is no need to balan...
متن کاملچالش ها و راهکارهای رویارویی با خطاهای پزشکی و اتفاقات ناخواسته در ایران (یک مطالعه کیفی)
Background: Medical errors and adverse events are the main reasons of many avoidable deaths and imposed expenditures in worldwide health systems. Hence, this study aimed to recognize some challenges, medical errors and adverse events, and to address the appropriate solutions in order to solve them in the Iranian health system. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study had three main data...
متن کاملA Critique of the Theory of the Independence of the Authority of Sunnah Based on the Viewpoints of Allameh Tabatabaei and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli
Some scholars believe that sunnah is as authoritative as the Quran and consider sunnah to be independent while being able to seek help from the Quran about the issues on which the Quran is silent. This theory is contrary to the view of Allameh Tabatabaei and his student Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, who believe that the authority of sunnah originates from the Quran and sunnah is not as authoritative ...
متن کاملAn analysis of stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors and nonneoplastic lesions: a prospective clinicopathologic study.
BACKGROUND Appropriate management of progressive, unverified brain lesions should be guided by conclusive pathological diagnosis. Stereotactic biopsy (SB) is established as a less invasive surgical procedure that provides diagnosis. In this prospective study, we analyzed the diagnostic difficulties and risk of SB in the various brain mass lesions, the rate of conclusive pathological diagnosis, ...
متن کامل